LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS GOVERNING THE PROTECTION OF IMMIGRANT MINORS IN NIGERIA

Abstract

This article examines the legal and institutional frameworks for protecting immigrant minors in Nigeria, focusing on the domestic implementation of international and regional child rights treaties, national legislation, and the operational roles of key institutions. The objective is to identify gaps and challenges in the provision and enforcement of statutory protections for immigrant minors while highlighting potential improvements to institutional synergy and policy coherence. Employing a doctrinal research methodology, findings indicate that Nigeria’s frameworks largely align with international standards but are undermined by disparate state-level domestication, weak inter-agency coordination, and resource constraints. Furthermore, implementation challenges, such as insufficient birth registration and lack of specialized judicial mechanisms, perpetuate vulnerabilities among immigrant minors. The study concludes by recommending the harmonization of enforcement processes, strengthened cross-sectoral cooperation, and targeted policy innovation, including inclusive documentation, education, and healthcare access, to enhance rights-based protection. These recommendations advance Nigeria’s prospects for fulfilling its treaty obligations and support sustainable developmental goals related to child welfare.