DIGITAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: CRIMINAL LAW RESPONSES AND VICTIM PROTECTION CHALLENGES

Abstract

Digital technologies have transformed communication, social interaction, and commercial activities in Nigeria. However, these technologies have also facilitated new forms of sexual violence perpetrated through cyberspace. Nigerian criminal law has increasingly responded to digital sexual violence through legal instruments such as the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 and the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) Act 2015, among others. Despite these interventions, victims continue to encounter significant barriers in accessing effective legal protection and remedies. This article critically examines the adequacy of Nigerian criminal law responses to digital sexual violence and analyses the practical challenges faced by victims within the criminal justice system. It argues that although Nigeria possesses fragmented legal mechanisms capable of addressing certain aspects of digital sexual violence, substantial doctrinal, institutional, and enforcement gaps remain. The article recommends legislative reforms, specialised investigative mechanisms, stronger victim-centred procedures, and improved frameworks for the collection, preservation, and use of digital evidence.