The Legal Status of Foreign Nationals in Nigeria: Regulation of Entry, Residency, and Employment under Nigerian Immigration Law

Abstract

The regulation of foreign nationals in Nigeria is central to immigration governance, balancing economic development with national security. The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended) and the Immigration Act 2015 form the legal basis for entry, residency, and employment of non-citizens. This Article examines the scope, limitations, and enforcement of these provisions, highlighting their practical implications. Adopting a doctrinal legal research approach the paper finds that while Nigerian law establishes a structured framework for regulating entry, stay, and employment, implementation is undermined by administrative bottlenecks, inconsistent policy application, and weak institutional capacity. Broad discretionary powers granted to immigration officers often result in arbitrary decisions and rights violations, hence the paper recommends streamlining administrative processes, narrowing discretionary powers, enhancing judicial oversight, and integrating technology-driven systems to promote transparency and accountability.