AN ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION (IMO) IN PROMOTING MARITIME SAFETY AND SECURITY IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Despite the existence of a comprehensive international regulatory framework developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to promote maritime safety and security, Nigeria continues to face serious maritime threats such as piracy, armed robbery at sea, illegal bunkering, smuggling, and unsafe shipping practices within its coastal and offshore waters. Although Nigeria is a State party to other conventions, persistent security incidents in the Gulf of Guinea raise concerns about the practical effectiveness of these standards in Nigeria. Enforcement challenges have hindered the full realization of IMO objectives within the Nigerian maritime sector. For Nigeria, whose economy relies heavily on maritime trade and crude oil exports, the organization plays a vital role in shaping national maritime policy and regulatory practices. This study therefore critically evaluated the role of the IMO in promoting maritime safety and security in Nigeria by using a doctrinal research approach which analysed the relevant international legal framework. The paper further analysed the challenges posed by piracy, illegal bunkering, and weak enforcement mechanisms. The study found that despite Nigeria’s ratification of major IMO conventions, maritime insecurity and institutional weaknesses continue to undermine effective implementation. It recommended strengthening enforcement mechanisms, among others, to ensure better compliance and improved maritime security outcomes.