FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND DATA PRIVACY PROTECTION: CHALLENGES AND REMEDIES

Abstract

The rights to personal privacy and freedom of expression are fundamental to the preservation of human dignity, self-determination, personal development, and security. These rights are recognised under the Nigerian Constitution and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Data protection has become an essential component of national development, particularly as personal data has evolved into a valuable resource within the global digital economy. The increasing occurrence of sensitive data breaches raises significant concerns regarding the protection of human rights, especially the rights to privacy and freedom of expression. Despite the growing importance of data protection, many developing countries continue to face challenges in ensuring adequate safeguards for the personal information of internet users. At a time when personal data has become a critical asset for major industrial and political actors, effective data protection measures are necessary to strengthen the realisation of privacy and freedom of expression rights. This paper examines Nigerian data protection laws alongside those of other jurisdictions in relation to the protection of human rights in the digital environment. To achieve this objective, relevant legislation, academic publications, and journal materials are reviewed. The research finds that challenges such as weak enforcement mechanisms and limited public awareness of privacy rights hinder the effectiveness of data protection laws in protecting human rights. The paper recommends stronger enforcement strategies and increased public awareness in Nigeria regarding the right to privacy and the importance of personal data protection.